There is additional evidence in the form of church dedications and physical objects. The presence of a Viking settlement in the Wirral and their influence at Chester first became evident to historians from place names and has more recently been confirmed by DNA studies. This article looks briefly at the evidence for a Viking presence, some historical background before the start of the "Viking Age" and then a detailed consideration of the interaction, both direct and indirect between the City and the Vikings. In addition much of the history of the region and the city of Chester in the late ninth to late eleventh centuries had a Viking aspect. The Vikings not only raided parts of Cheshire and the Wirral but also settled there. The Normans, descendants of Vikings who conquered and gave their name to what is now Normandy, also formed the aristocracy of England after the Norman conquest of England. The Vikings and their descendants established themselves as rulers and nobility in many areas of Europe. After decades of exploration, piracy and plundering around the coasts and rivers of Europe, Vikings established Norse communities and governments scattered across north-western Europe, Belarus, Ukraine and European Russia, the North Atlantic islands all the way to the north-eastern coast of North America. Geographically, the Viking Age covered Scandinavian lands (modern Denmark, Norway and Sweden), as well as territories under North Germanic dominance, mainly the Danelaw, including Scandinavian York, the administrative centre of the remains of the Kingdom of Northumbria, significant parts of Mercia, and East Anglia.Įxpert sailors and navigators aboard their characteristic longships, Vikings voyaged as far as the Mediterranean littoral, North Africa, and the Middle East.
The Vikings were known as Ascomanni ("ashmen") by the Germans for the ash wood of their boats, Dubgail and Finngail ("dark and fair foreigners") by the Irish, Lochlannach ("lake person") by the Gaels and Dene (Dane) by the Anglo-Saxons. This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion had a profound impact on the early medieval history of Scandinavia, the British Isles, France, Estonia, Kievan Rus' and Sicily. In modern English and other vernaculars, the term also commonly includes the inhabitants of Norse home communities during this period. Vikings were the seafaring Norse people from southern Scandinavia (in present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden) who from the late 8th to late 11th centuries pirated, raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of Europe, and explored westward to Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland. 6.15 Edward the Confessor (Eadweard II) (1042 – 5 January 1066).A son of the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard (who invaded England and ruled unopposed for only five weeks). A son of King Edward the Elder by his third wife. Another son of Edward the Elder and half-brother of Athelstan.
4.4 The quiet years of Edgar the Pacific (954-975):.4.3 The reconquest of the Danelaw (900-954):.
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